Before Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World, a remarkable civilization thrived in North America, known as Cahokia. This ancient city, situated near modern-day Collinsville, Illinois, reached its peak around the year 1050, boasting a population exceeding that of Paris at the time, with estimates ranging from 20,000 to 30,000 inhabitants. Cahokia was a prominent center of the Mississippian culture, recognized for its impressive earthen mounds, including the monumental Monk’s Mound, the largest pre-Columbian earthwork in North America.

Cahokia’s urban landscape featured over 80 surviving mounds, which served various ceremonial and political purposes. The society excelled in copper metallurgy, being the only known Mississippian society to purify and forge copper, creating intricate religious artifacts and ceremonial items. Among its cultural practices, ritual sacrifices of servants were made to honor elite figures, echoing customs seen in ancient Egypt.

The city experienced a decline starting in the late 12th century, marked by a devastating fire around 1160 that destroyed significant structures and led to a gradual depopulation. Scholars suggest that environmental factors, including food supply issues and potential climate changes, contributed to its downfall. By the 14th century, Cahokia was largely abandoned, leaving behind a rich archaeological heritage that continues to intrigue historians and archaeologists.

Today, the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site preserves this once-flourishing metropolis, allowing visitors to explore its extensive grounds and learn about its complex social and cultural dynamics. As we delve into the mystery of Cahokia, it becomes clear that this city was not only a hub of activity but also a vital link between the spiritual and material worlds, leaving an indelible mark on North America’s pre-Columbian history.